The overall mean monthly serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were higher in the group that received vitamin D and calcium than in the placebo group, as was the monthly serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D area under the curve. No group differences were seen in the change in CD4 count or CD4% or viral load during 12 months. One participant who received placebo developed hypercalciuria. No abnormalities in serum calcium concentration were observed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay, albumin-corrected calcium concentrations, and spot urinary calcium-creatinine ratios were determined monthly.
HIV-infected children and adolescents who were aged 6 to 16 years were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D (100000 IU bimonthly) and calcium (1 g/day n = 29) or double placebo ( n = 27). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of oral cholecalciferol, 100000 IU every 2 months, and 1 g/day calcium on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, serum and urine calcium, and HIV disease progression during a 12-month period. In light of the importance of vitamin D for skeletal and nonskeletal health, including innate immunity, developing methods for improving vitamin D status in HIV-infected children and adolescents is an important area of clinical research. Vitamin D insufficiency occurs commonly in HIV-infected youth in the United States.
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